The thyroid is a gland that regulates metabolism and maintains energy levels and heart rate. Because of all the critical body functions it plays a role in, thyroid disease can affect your health in various ways. Thyroid conditions are common, affecting about 20 million Americans. At BMI, we have extensive experience treating these disorders, so we have compiled some information to help you manage them.
What is Thyroid Disease?
Thyroid disease is an umbrella term for several disorders that affect the thyroid gland and related bodily functions. These include:- Hyperthyroidism – The thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.
- Hypothyroidism – The thyroid gland produces too little thyroid hormone.
- Goiter – An enlargement of the thyroid gland, resulting in swelling of the neck.
- Thyroid Nodules – Non-cancerous, asymptomatic lumps in the thyroid gland.
- Thyroid Cancer – A type of cancer involving malignant growth in the thyroid.
Symptoms of Thyroid Disease
Because thyroid disease takes many forms, symptoms can vary depending on the condition. Common symptoms of thyroid issues include:- Weight gain
- Sleep issues
- Irregular heart rate
- Appetite changes
- Mood changes
- Hair loss
- Heat or cold intolerance
Causes of Thyroid Disease
There are many potential causes of thyroid disease because it takes many different forms. Common causes include:- Autoimmune disorders, like Graves’ disease
- Inflammation of the thyroid gland
- Surgical removal of the thyroid gland
- Certain medications, such as lithium
- Iodine and other nutrient deficiencies
- Lifestyle causes like stress or lack of exercise
- Genetics, as thyroid conditions can be hereditary
- Gender, as thyroid conditions are more common in women
How to Prevent Thyroid Disease
While many thyroid conditions are genetics and not preventable, some can be prevented through:- A healthy diet
- Regular exercise
- Reducing stress
- Getting enough sleep
- Quitting smoking, if you do
