The stomach is an organ that is an essential part of your digestive system. However, you may not have given much thought to how it works. Fortunately, the BMI team is here to explain how the stomach works, conditions that may affect it, and more.
What is the Stomach?
The stomach is a muscular, hollow, J-shaped organ located in the upper abdomen that is made up of several parts, which include:Cardia
The first part of the stomach, the cardia, is connected to the esophagus. It contains the cardiac sphincter, a thin ring of muscle that prevents stomach contents from going back up into the esophagus, a condition known commonly as acid reflux.Fundus
The top, rounded area of the stomach is known as the fundus. It is located to the left of the cardia.Body
The main part of the stomach is known as the body. It is where food is mixed and broken down. The average adult’s stomach holds around one liter of food.Antrum
The lower part of the stomach is called the antrum. It holds food until it is ready to move into the small intestine.Pylorus
The part of the stomach connected to the small intestine is called the pylorus. It includes a thick ring of muscle known as the pyloric sphincter, which controls the emptying of stomach contents into the first part of the small intestine.How the Stomach Works
The stomach’s main function is to digest food received from the esophagus. The food is then mixed with acid to be broken down into a liquid before moving into the small intestine.What Conditions Affect the Stomach?
Many diseases and other conditions can affect the stomach, such as:Gastritis
Often caused by the bacteria Helicobacter Pylori, gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach lining. Common symptoms of this condition include:- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Bloating
- Abdominal pain
- A feeling of fullness
Ulcers
Ulcers are open sores in the stomach, which often cause bleeding or pain. They can be caused by bacterial infections or stress. While prescription medication can be used to treat ulcers, surgery may sometimes be required.Stomach Cancer
Tumors may form in the stomach lining. While many are benign, some can turn malignant. Symptoms of stomach cancer include:- Bleeding
- Weight loss
- Indigestion
- Heartburn
- Changes in appetite
- Bloating
Gastroparesis
Gastroparesis is a condition where the stomach empties slower than normal. It is common in individuals with diabetes or those who have had procedures that affect the stomach, like bariatric surgery. Common symptoms of gastroparesis include:- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Bloating
- Belching
- Abdominal pain
- Feelings of fullness
